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OVERVIEW OF KOSOVO'S ASPIRATIONS TO STATEHOOD IN RECENT HISTORY

PRISTINA, Feb 16 (Hina) - The third attempt in the recent history of Kosovo Albanians to accomplish their goal of declaring this southern Serbian province as independent has been thwarted this time due to the pressure of the international community.
PRISTINA, Feb 16 (Hina) - The third attempt in the recent history of Kosovo Albanians to accomplish their goal of declaring this southern Serbian province as independent has been thwarted this time due to the pressure of the international community. #L# Three major Albanian parliamentary parties and a group of MPs who represent minorities (except the Serb community) in Kosovo's Assembly on Thursday supported an initiative launched by 42 deputies for the adoption of a declaration on Kosovo's independence, but they decided to postpone the passing of the document for some of their future session. They agreed that before the adoption they should hold comprehensive consultations with representatives of Kosovo institutions. Last week, members of the Serb coalition "Povratak (Return)" announced that they would consider a counter-declaration in case the province's parliament adopts the said declaration. The international community has not backed the initiative of 42 MPs, stressing that it is still too premature for talks on the final status of Kosovo. The United Nations' Civil Administrator, Michael Steiner, has called on Kosovo leaders not to spend time on such documents, urging them to commit themselves to building the province as a tolerant society which may offer equal rights and opportunities to all of its citizens. The third largest Albanian party - the Alliance for the Future of Kosovo - started promoting the said initiative at the end of 2002, when it asked local institutions to prepare plans for the declaration of Kosovo's independence. Leading Kosovo politicians, however, do not share the same view on the initiative. Premier Bajram Rexhepi unequivocally expressed reserves towards the initiative. Kosovo President and the leader of the biggest party - Democratic Alliance of Kosovo (DSK) - Ibrahim Rugova, and Hashim Thaqi, who is at the helm of the second strongest party, have not yet clearly expressed their stand, i.e. whether they are for or against the initiative. The latest attempt to organise Kosovo as an independent state, and thus solve its status, is being made simultaneously with the process of the disintegration of the last Yugoslavia and with the process of defining of roles of Kosovo institutions after general elections in this province. The initiative is parallel with Belgrade's bids to have Kosovo back within the former constitutional frameworks, when this province was under the direct Serbian rule. The recent history of Kosovo saw several attempts of the establishment of the sovereignty of this province. Well-known demonstrations by ethnic Albanian students in 1968, 1981 and 1989 were the most conspicuous way of the expression of the local population's aspirations to having Kosovo, which was at the time an autonomous province, on the equal footing with other republics in the then Yugoslav federation. In 1989 the then Socialist Republic of Serbia, ruled by Slobodan Milosevic, adopted a new constitution in which it annulled the autonomous status of Kosovo as province. The assembly in Pristina, surrounded by tanks of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), had to endorse the relegation of the status. In early 1990s local Albanian again took to the streets, and on 2 July that year, deputies to the Kosovo assembly adopted a separate declaration on Kosovo's exclusion form Serbia and its independent position. Five days later, the assembly passed Kosovo's constitution. The response of the Serbian assembly was to dissolve Kosovo's parliament. The Democratic Alliance of Kosovo, the then leading movement of local Albanians, organised a referendum in 1991 at which a majority of voters opted for the independence. In 1992, illegal elections for the assembly and president of the "Republic of Kosovo" were held. The Slobodan Milosevic regime conducted measures of police repression and fired Albanian workers from local companies and factories and all "disobedient" Albanian politicians. In 1999, when the repression came to a head with rivers of Albanian refugees fleeing the area, Western countries decided to put an end to it, and first launched a military operation. After NATO wrapped up a campaign of airstrikes against targets in Kosovo and Serbia, Kosovo became and an international protectorate. (hina) ms

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