Alen Furjan, 24, told the court he was a "convinced anti-Semite" and did not regret his actions, which the judge described as racist.
In the night on November 25-26, 2006, Furjan broke the windows, doors and furniture in Lauder-Chabad, the biggest Jewish school in the Austrian capital. The damage was estimated at 150,000 euros.
Furjan arrived in Vienna in mid-November as a tourist. He told the judge that one of the motives for the vandalism had been the fact that "there are too many Jews" in Austria.
Jewish community leaders condemned the incident as the gravest anti-Semitic incident in Austria in the last 20 years.
An increased number of court guards were present at the sentencing. When the verdict was translated to him, Furjan said in German, "I will fight this by myself". The judge interpreted this as an announcement of recourse to a legal remedy, while the majority of those attending saw this as a threat, Austria's news agency said.
Psychiatry expert Heinrich Pfolz said Furjan had a minimum tolerance threshold, increased aggressiveness and no sense of guilt at all.