Luxembourg's GDP per capita expressed in purchasing power standards was 140% above the EU average. It was followed by Ireland (+112%), the Netherlands (+30%), Denmark (+29%), Austria (+23%), Belgium and Sweden (both +17%).
Germany, the largest European economy, was 15% above the EU average. France and Italy were close to the EU average and slightly below the eurozone average, which was 4% higher than the EU average.
Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Spain were about 10% below the EU average, and Estonia, Poland and Romania were about 30% below.
In 2023, Croatia recorded an improvement from the previous year, with GDP per capita 24% below the EU average. In 2022, it was 27% below the EU average.
Hungary was on a level with Croatia, ahead of Latvia (-29%), Greece (-33%) and Bulgaria (-36%).